Software Support

FLAC simulates the four excavation stages and three construction steps within each stage for a multistage tunnel excavation and construction. The convergence-confinement method is used to simulate the effect of the tunnel advance. A ground reaction curve is calculated to relate the effect of the advancing tunnel face to reduction in internal pressure within the excavated region. Both rockbolt support and a shotcrete liner are installed at different stages of the tunnel advance.

Keywords:

• Multistage excavation
• shallow tunnel
• rockbolts
• Shortcrete
• Ground reaction curve
• Mohr-Coulomb model

Materials:

• Concrete
• Rock
• Steel

Analyses:

• Static